Doprava a spoje, 2012 (vol. 8), issue 1
PREVÁDZKOVO-BEZPEČNOSTNÉ ASPEKTY MODERNEJ DETEKČNEJ KONTROLY V LETECKEJ NÁKLADNEJ DOPRAVE
Benedikt Badánik, Branislav Kandera
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):1-8 
This paper examines the aspects of operational security of air crago and it also provides a brief overview of recent technological developments in this area.
TRANSFORMÁCIA NÍZKONÁKLADOVÝCH LETECKÝCH SPOLOČNOSTÍ NA LETECKÉ SPOLOČNOSTI NOVEJ GENERÁCIE
Benedikt Badánik, Branislav Kandera
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):9-12
This paper deals with the convergence of low-fare airlines business models and their options for turning them into a survivable and profitable model
MOŽNOSŤ ZVÝŠENIA BEZPEČNOSTI NA CESTÁCH SYSTÉMOM DETEKCIE PREJAZDU NA ČERVENÚ
Ľubomír Černický
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):13-18
Red-light running is one of the common causes of road traffic accidents. One of the basic measures to reduce it is strict police traffic enforcement. Recently, there is a tendency to change classical police enforcement method into automated camera enforcement method. Such a system is Red Light Violation Detection System.
HLAVNÉ PREPRAVNÉ TRASY KONTAJNEROV V NÁMORNEJ DOPRAVE A NAJVÄČŠIE NÁMORNÉ KONTAJNEROVÉ PRÍSTAVY
Andrej Dávid
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):19-23
Container transport belongs to the fastest developing modes of transport in the world. Containers started to be used in sea transport due to saving of loading time of cargo in sea ports, its protection against damaging, losing or stealing. In the world there are three main container trade routes. The busiest route is between North America and Far East. About 50 % of containers are handled in the top twenty sea ports and their container terminals. Most of them are located in Asia, three of them are in Europe and three of them are situated in the USA.
KONTAJNEROVÉ TERMINÁLY ROTTERDAMSKÉHO PRÍSTAVU V ČASTI MAASVLAKTE 1 A ICH OBEHOVÉ SYSTÉMY
Andrej Dávid
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):24-30
The port of Rotterdam is the biggest container port in Europe. In the part Maasvlakte 1 there are three container terminals which can serve container vessels Super Post Panamax. Two of them (ECT Delta and Euromax) belong to the company ECT. These terminals use automatic stacking cranes and AGV system for handling of containers due to the increase of throughput and the reduction of downtime during handling. APM terminal uses straddle carriers for handling of containers between quayside cranes and the blocks of the container yard.
CENTRÁ NÁKLADNEJ DOPRAVY V MESTÁCH A LOGISTIKA SKLADOV
Miroslav Fazekaš, Mária Mičietová, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):31-41
The article deals with the centers of freight transport and logistics warehouses in general. The problem of freight transport in urban centers cannot be restricted to problem of the distribution in the center of the city. Freight transport centers should be able to provide as much as possible logistic processes. Managing the warehouse storage organizes activities, strict control of stock, the determination of doses required for handling operations. Flexible organizational flows are provided by the electronic data collection, which also influences the policy-making and operating supplies in stock.
NEHODOVÉ UDALOSTI V ŽELEZNIČNEJ DOPRAVE A PRÍSLUŠNÁ LEGISLATÍVA
Miroslav Fazekaš, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):42-50
In the case of unintended formation of the incident consequences train accidents in freight rail will be significant property damage, but the passenger transport in rail accident it is much more serious because in addition to physical damage can compromise the health and lives of people.
MULTIKRITERIÁLNA ANALÝZA V METODIKE HODNOTENIA CENTIER TURIZMU
Eva Filová, Andrej Dávid, Jarmila Sosedová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):51-75
Tourist industry in the content of the development of water tourism in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. The rating of selected tourism centres - micro region Medzibodrožie, Liptov, Orava, micro region Zemplínska Šírava, Dolné Považie - related the rivers / water areas (the rivers such as the Bodrog and the Váh, water areas like Liptovská Mara, Orava dam, Zemplínska Šírava) through multi objective analysis or proportionality - index method.
VPLYV ZLOŽENIA DOPRAVNÉHO PRÚDU NA HLUK V MESTÁCH
Jozef Gnap, Michal Noga
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):76-93
This article explicates the fact that the composition of traffic flow and especially the proportion of freight transport has a relevant influence on the amount of noise from road traffic in cities. This claim is well founded by the results of the measurements, which are based on the proposed regulatory measures and recommendations to reduce traffic noise in problematic areas.
MODELOVÉ RIEŠENIE PREFERENCIE MHD NA VYBRANEJ ČASTI MESTA ŽILINA
Marián Gogola
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):94-103
Riešenie preferencie MHD v rámci dopravnej infraštruktúry je jedným z možností ako vytvárať vhodné podmienky pre jej rozvoj. Pred realizáciou samotnej preferencie je vhodné, aby sa budúce dopady mohli analyzovať a vyhodnotiť prostredníctvom modelového riešenia. Z tohto dôvodu tento príspevok prezentuje možnosť modelového riešenia vozidiel MHD v rámci súčasného stavu ako aj pri vytvorení preferencie na vybranom úseku dopravnej infraštruktúry mesta.
NÁKLADY SPOJENÉ S VYUŽÍVANÍM INFORMAČNÉHO SYSTÉMU BLUE&ME FLEET
Dušan Halaj
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):104-110
The article is focused on the costs associated with the use of services of information system of Blue & Me Fleet. The carrier pays various monthly fees, depending on the levels of services of the information system.
NÁKLADY SPOJENÉ S VYUŽÍVANÍM INFORMAČNÉHO SYSTÉMU C 200
Dušan Halaj
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):111-118
The article is focused on the costs associated with the use of services bundles of information system of C 200, which offers the Scania company. The carrier pays various monthly fees, depending on the levels of services of the information system.
MERANIE A VYHODNOCOVANIE ZARIADENÍ LETECKEJ ZABEZPEČOVACEJ TECHNIKY
Karel Havel, Andrej Novák
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):119-124
This paper describes some of the results of research project Centre of excellence for Air Transport -ITMS 26220120065, which is being elaborated at Air Transport Department of the University of Žilina and co-financed from sources of EU. The aim of the paper is to familiarize experts from other fields with issues of the flight inspection of communications, navigation and surveillance systems (CNS).
K PROBLEMATIKE NOVÉHO PRÁVNEHO RÁMCA MEDZINÁRODNEJ PREPRAVY NÁKLADU PO MORI
Božena Hejhalová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):125-131
The article analyzes the new legal framework for sea freight which is defined by the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Cargo (wholly or partly) by sea, also known as "Rotterdam Rules". The article also points out the inconsistency in the legal conditions for transport of the carriage of cargo by sea because of the existence of three international conventions. (International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, Convention on the Maritime transport, Convetion on Contracts for the International Carriage of Cargo).
OCHRANA CHODCOV AKO DOLEŽITÝ PRVOK PASÍVNEJ BEZPEČNOSTI VOZIDIEL
Lukáš Holeša
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):132-136
The contribution strives to reflect the significance of individual testing procedures for the protection of a pedestrian, such as various reality simulations. Also with regard to the fact that the risk of accidents cannot be fully prevented, the contribution tries to aim at and analyse also the area of passive safety. It points to the justification and importance of especially external measures on a vehicle, such as integrated concept connecting active engine bonnet with extended system of a blow-up bag for the protection of pedestrians. The contribution further describes new principles and technologies, with which these testing procedures and safety...
VPLYV SMERU A RÝCHLOSTI PRÍZEMNÉHO VETRA NA VÝŠKU ZÁKLADNE OBLAČNOSTI NA LETISKU M. R. ŠTEFÁNIKA
Martin Hromádka
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):137-147
This paper discusses the relation between both wind speed and direction and low cloud base height at Bratislava airport. The data collection carried out during 10 year period. Data analyses conducted within this paper is a part of the project "Centre of Excellence for Air Transport" ITMS 26220120065.
DANE A POPLATKY SÚVISIACE S PREVÁDZKOU MOTOROVÝCH VOZIDEL VO ŠVÉDSKU
Zuzana Hvizdáková
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):148-160
This article titled "Taxes and fees related to the motor vehicle operation in Sweden" describes taxes on motor vehicle and fees in Sweden and the way of these taxes and fees payment. First part of this article is focused on motor vehicle tax and system of its payment including tax amount and obligations of taxable person. The second part describes fees that must be paid by foreign motor vehicle operator who use motor vehicles over 12 tons in Sweden. In this part are also listed road segments that are charged and fee amount. Last part of the article is focused on congestion tax that was introduced in Stockholm and will be introduced in Gothenburg.
VPLYV ROZLOŽENIA ZVITKOV V NÁVESE SO ŠTANDARDNOU A ROZŠÍRENOU TROJNÁPRAVOU
Juraj Jagelčák
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):161-167
Transport of steel coils is one of the specialized transport, for which is usually used a maximum payload of the vehicle combination. For this reason it is important to spread the coils trough the semi-trailer otherwise there is a danger of the tractor or trailer bogie overloading. Several manufacturers of semi-trailers offer extended triple-axle trailer where legislation can allow 27 tons load per triple-axle versus 24 tons of standard use.Extended triple-axle makes sense especially for vehicle combinations with a gross combination weight of 42-45 tons, hence its use in Slovakia is not possible in terms of higher payload. In the Czech Republic it...
ANALÝZA ROZLOŽENIA NÁKLADU U VOZŇA SGNSS 60'
Juraj Jagelčák
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):168-175
Shipper has to take into account correct load distribution when railway wagons are loaded. Incorrectly loaded wagon is refused for further carriage. UIC loading guidelines define the requirements how railway wagon shall be loaded. These requirements are valid also for intermodal wagons. The paper focuses on intermodal wagon Sgnss 60' as wagon suitable for different types of intermodal loading units (ILU's). Besides that stowage of containers depends on the displacement of container fixing points load distribution depends not only on the position of ILU's but also on the stowage of cargo inside ILU's. The risk of overloading increases with the ILU weight...
BEZBARIÉROVOSŤ V HROMADNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVE
Hana Jurkovičová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):176-181
At present the important issue is the quality of bus stops and wheelchair access to the bus stop. This paper is an overview of the legislation in the area of the quality of public transport. The paper deals with the quality of the stops in terms of accessibility to the station. The article also prepared specifications for the design of bus stops.
ANALÝZA TARÍF MHD VO VYBRANÝCH MESTÁCH SR
Hana Jurkovičová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):182-188
At present the important issue is fares in public transport. The article is about the public transport fares in selected towns of the Slovak Republic. The paper deals with comparing the amount of selected tourism in selected cities. The paper also deals with evaluation analysis.
PRÍSTAVNÉ PLÁNOVANIE A RIADENIE KAPACÍT V PRÍSTAVE
Martin Jurkovič, Jarmila Sosedová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):189-195
Port development can refer either to the creation of a new port or to the expansion of an existing one, usually aimed to increasing its capacity or upgrading port operations. Main issue of port development is examined their current capacity and confronted it with the planned capacity.
MOŽNOSTI VYUŽÍVANIA TECHNOLÓGIE HUD V CIVILNOM LETECTVE
Branislav Kandera, Benedikt Badánik
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):196-203
This paper describes the using options and limitations of HUD (Head Up Dispaly) in civil air transportation.
RADIAČNÁ ZÁŤAŽ POSÁDOK LIETADIEL
Branislav Kandera, Dalimír Pišťanský
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):204-212
This article is focused on assessment of exposure cosmic radiation level for crew members, especially in Slovak Republic. Above mentioned facts show really necessity to exactly follow international and national standards and regulations by operators registered in the Slovak republic. Not following those regulations can in the short term saved money for irresponsible operators. But in the long term it can caused serious health injury what can leads to the financial loses caused by the legal proceeding. Air transport impacts the environment and the environment has an impact on the air transport, especially on the individual users of airspace (aircraft...
PÔSOBENIE ČINITEĽOV NA VYBRANÉ NÁKLADOVÉ POLOŽKY PRÍMESTSKEJ AUTOBUSOVEJ DOPRAVY A ICH ŠTATISTICKÁ ZÁVISLOSŤ
Katarína Kilianová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):213-217
The article specified many factors which have influence to costs. Try to specify these factors are necessary in case of pricing in public passenger transport. Since The Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services by rail and by road has valid, it is hard to estimate economically eligible costs. Because of the fact, the article deals with factors which affecting to costs. With the help of correlation is possible to determine the degree of influence and choose the factor with the biggest influence.
SADZBY DANE Z MOTOROVÝCH VOZIDIEL V SR A V ZAHRANIČÍ
Vladimír Konečný
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):219-231
Paper deals with commercial vehicle taxation in the Slovak republic. It includes comparison and differences between tax rates applied in concrete self-governing regions of the Slovak republic. Article also compares tax rates in European countries and defines recommendations in the field of vehicle taxation.
PROBLEMATIKA UMELÝCH ZÁSAHOV DO OBLAČNÝCH PROCESOV Z HĽADISKA VPLYVU NA LETOVÚ PREVÁDZKU
Sandra Krollová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):232-242
Cloud seeding is the way of artificial weather modification to change the amount or kind of precipitation. This is realized by the dispersion of substances serving as condensation or crystallization nuclei, which affect microphysic processes inside the cloud. The greatest effect of infication is achieved by the artificial production of ice nuclei in the cloud consisting of supercooled water droplets. For this purpose, different chemical reagents are applied, usually by airplane or ground generator. The most common way is dispersion of solid carbon dioxide (CO2). As its evaporation temperature falls significantly, this results in formation of a certain...
MOŽNOSTI APLIKÁCIE CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT (CISM) PRI TRANSFERE DO LETECKEJ DOPRAVY
Sandra Krollová, Adam Vladár
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):243-249
Aviation personnel are exposed to various degrees of stress and eventual strong emotional situations when fulfilling their duty roles. The response to these stressors could be mitigated by Critical incident stress management. The role of the Critical incident stress management is to accelerate post-traumatic recovery and prevent development of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. It has irreplaceable importance in aviation. Allows the reactivation of the cognitive functions and faster regaining the ability to work after critical incident, contributes to the overall wellbeing of the personnel and to the safety of air transportation not least. This paper...
JUST IN TIME VERZUS JUST IN SEQUENCE
Iveta Kubasáková
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):250-256
Paper is devoted to the characteristics of both technologies and their advantages and disadvantages of the application in the supply of manufacturing companies. The developments of automotive and electronics industry has a clear impact on the supply of these goods manufacturing companies. One of the most widely used technologies could include technology, Just-in-time (JIT), Kanban system, and the else systems. JIT technology innovation was technology JIS Just in Sequence. The suppliers under JIS regulate its own production plan so as to be able to deliver their products at the right time in right quantity at the right place and in the desired sequence...
LOGISTICKÉ HODNOTENIE FUNKČNEJ VÝKONNOSTI MATERIÁLOVÝCH TOKOV V ŽELEZNIČNEJ DOPRAVE BEZ URČENIA PRIORITY KĽÚČOVÝCH HODNOTIACICH UKAZOVATEĽOV
Jozef Majerčák, Juraj Plevko
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):257-265
Calculations have shown that the process is very sensitive to the fairness of the input information, which significantly affects the degree of uncertainty (entropy) and thus the weight of the selected key evaluating indicators . This increased sensitivity of this method is closest to the objective evaluation of the weights of key evaluating indicators in the event that we do not know the priority of selected key evaluating indicators.
PREVÁDZKA VOZIDIEL NA ZEMNÝ PLYN V CESTNEJ PREMÁVKE
Ľubomír Moravčík
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):266-275
Zemný plyn, ako jediný energeticky fosílny zdroj energie, sa v posledných rokoch dostáva do popredia a mnohí experti sa o ňom vyjadrujú ako o energetickom zdroji budúcnosti. Aby sa vozidlá na zemný plyn mohli prevádzkovať v cestnej premávke je potrebné vytvoriť podmienky pre schválenie týchto vozidiel na cestnú premávku a podmienky pre samotnú prevádzku týchto vozidiel v cestnej premávke.
INOVÁCIA - CESTA K ZVYŠOVANIU POTENCIÁLU MANAŽMENTU V DOPRAVE
Ján Ondruš, Jana Dicová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):276-282
Innovative ideas contribute to successfully manage the impact of changing environment and to obtain greater competitiveness and contribute intentionally or accidentally discovered and implemented. The authors of innovative ideas are mainly people and these new ideas are then applicable in all areas, including transport.
ANALÝZA STUPŇA MOTORIZÁCIE V KRAJSKÝCH MESTÁCH SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY
Ján Ondruš, Jozef Paľo
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):283-288
Currently in many countries come to the high increase of number of motor vehicles. Such increase brings also many problems which arise in particular in residential areas and on roads out of residential areas since they are not able to ensure reliable and continuous traffic on these roads. This paper presents the analysis and issue of motorization rate comparison in particular district of the Slovak Republic. It works with available data of particular years.
PREPRAVA CELOVOZIDLOVÝCH ZÁSIELOK
Miloš Poliak
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):289-295
This paper deals with allocation of transport volumes. The beginning of this paper is focused on exploring of strategic documents where future goals, strategies and visions are mentioned. Fossil fuel dependency and environmental issues are examined as well. The result of this thesis is assesment of costs for virtual transport with given route. Finally comparison of results of rail and road transport costs is committed. Result of this comparison and possible solutions are discussed in order to make railway transport be more attractive for potential customers.
POROVNANIE GLOBÁLNE DEFINOVANÝCH JAZDNÝCH CYKLOV PRE MERANIE EMISIÍ A SPOTREBY POHONNÝCH LÁTOK
Branislav Šarkan, Lukáš Holeša
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):296-304
Driving cycles serve for the comparison of energetic performance of motor vehicles and measurement of production of emissions. The course of speeds and load of motor vehicle drive in a certain time interval is determined by means of said cycles. The contribution deals with individual driving cycles used in the world and serving for aforesaid actions.
MODELOVANIE LOGISTICKÝCH NÁKLADOV PRECHODU NA ZÁSOBOVANIE JUST-IN-TIME
Marián Sedliak, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):305-315
This contribution presents the theoretical cost model for the suitability assesment of the direct Just-in-Time deliveries. The model contains all main cost type that are relevant when considering the change of the supply system.
MODELOVANIE LOGISTICKÝCH NÁKLADOV PRECHODU NA ZÁSOBOVANIE JUST-IN-SEQUENCE
Marián Sedliak, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):316-325
This contribution presents the basic cost model which could help the manufacturing plants to identify the main factors affecting the different cost types when considering the suitability of establishing Just-in-Sequence supply.
TRENDY VYUŽITIA TELEMATICKÝCH APLIKÁCIÍ V RÁMCI RIEČNYCH INFORMAČNÝCH SLUŽIEB V EDUKAČNOM PROCESE
Jan Šlesinger, Andrej Dávid, Jarmila Sosedová
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):326-338
The analysis of the reasons for the formation of River Information Services (RIS). The functional arrangement for the system of fluvial informative services with using telematics. The characteristics of the chief telematics system parts. State with application and utilization of the system River Information Services in Slovakia. Model scenarios of practical situation on utilized application technology of system RIS in the cooperation within simulator Shipmaster P60
INTERMODÁLNE VEREJNÉ LOGISTICKÉ CENTRÁ
Ondrej Stopka, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):339-345
The paper deals with the general characteristics of freight villages (public logistics centers) and then outlines the construction support of the freight villages and intermodal terminals in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. There is also shown the formation of logistics centers abroad, especially in Germany. There are described different methods of public freight villages' allocation at the end of the article.
ODPORÚČANIA PRE ROZVOJ KOMBINOVANEJ DOPRAVY NA SLOVENSKU
Ondrej Stopka, Marián Šulgan
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):346-354
The paper deals with the brief characteristics of combined transport in general, the history of combined transport in the Slovak Republic and its advantages. There are also mentioned current measures for the combined transport development and specifics of intermodal terminals in Slovakia. At the end of the article, the proposal of appropriate measures necessary for the combined transport development in the Slovak Republic is outlined.
PREČO ZLYHÁHAJÚ NIEKTORÉ VEREJNO-SÚKROMNÉ PARTNERSTVÁ?
Anna Tomová, Benedikt Badánik
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):355-367
In this paper we analyse essential risks factors influencing success or failure in Public Private Partnerships implementations within infrastructure sectors. We introduce concrete examples of failured Public-Private Partnerships projects within the sectors as well as statistics of failured PPPs in transport, water and sewerage and energy sectors in middle and low income countries in the world using the Private Participation in Infrastructures database of the World Bank. We generalise conclusions about factors that predetermine long term vitality of PPPs being thus determinants of their development.
SYSTÉM TCAS A JEHO VYUŽITIE NA ŽILINSKEJ UNIVERZITE V ŽILINE
Roman Topolčány
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):368-374
The possibility to flight IFR in low altitudes over the territory of the Slovak Republic with nonpressure aircraft, which is fully equipped for IFR flight in accordance with applicable legislation, is currently limited. University of Zilina has installed recently in all aircrafts transponder mode A/C or S, depending on the requirements of current legislation over the territory of which the flight takes place. At the same time as a result of the project Centre of Excellence for Air Transport ITMS 26220120065, University of Zilina has installed system PCAS XRX ONYX, which appears to be suitable to increase safety of research mission.
APROXIMAČNÉ METÓDY DOPRAVNEJ ÚLOHY
Mária Vojteková, Oľga Blažeková
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):375-379
Transportation problem is one of the basic linear programming problems and it has a place in the Operation research course. Transportation problem can be solved by simplex method and there are special methods too: NW corner method, index method, Vogel's approximation method, … The aim of our paper is to show using of lesser-known Russel's approximation method and its comparison with used Vogel's approximation method.
DUNAJSKÁ STRATÉGIA A DOPRAVA
Pavel Žarnay
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):380-385
"The Strategy of the European Union for the Danube area" (the Danube strategy) is a comprehensive strategic programme, covering and linking several regional policies with a view to arriving at a common procedure in the framework of the European territory of the Danube basin. Its principle is the cooperation of individual countries on the basis of their own action plans incorporated into one common programme adopted. The primary objective of the cooperation is to develop mobility and thereby also the Joint Danube region marketing potential. A secondary aim of the strategy is to use as a resource for the larger Danube transport mainline and the opening...
REALIZÁCIA ŠPECIFICKÝCH OPATRENÍ HOSPODÁRSKEJ MOBILIZÁCIE V DOPRAVE - 1.ČAST
Ladislav Novák
Doprava a spoje 2012, 8(1):386-395
Natural and social environment is more exposed to emergencies and crisis phenomena. Overlapping of these effects still cause dramatic impacts on nature, civilization, the products and the man himself. These effects are display to the transport processes and transport infrastructure. Slovak Republic responds to these facts by taking action at various levels of public administration. Measures are taken at the legal environment, institutional environment, preparing forces, resources and means to deal with emergencies and crisis situations. Decisive measures are being prepared for economic mobilization and critical transport infrastructures.